Human Services And Social Services - 1602 Words

Human services organizations assist people in the community to find resources and social services that will meet their needs. Our society experiences suffering from different avenues such as healthcare, housing, education, etc., that causes us to go and ask for help at the offices of human services. Many people do not have the resources available so they need someone to turn to for the basic needs of life. Quite frequently a question is raised as to what has gone wrong with our society today, what has caused the problems people experience in their day to day lives, and what can be done to correct the problems or where can citizens go and look for services in the community to help them with their problems? The goals of human services are to cope and solve various issues in people’s lives. Human services were fashioned as a way to advance the quality of life of socially disadvantaged individuals by upholding the thought that many individuals are unable to meet their most basic n eeds, such as physical and emotional needs on their own exclusive of assistance from outside sources. Portions of human services are also devoted to help people meet their basic needs as well as to place them on the path to independence In this paper I will discuss about an agency that I interviewed and their social services. I had the honor of interviewing Salome Muthiani, who is a supervisor at Hennepin County Department of Human Services Office of Multicultural services, which is located at 1201Show MoreRelatedHuman Services: Social Services Essay example1337 Words   |  6 PagesPantry to individuals and families in need† (Charity Navigator Rating - Caritas of Austin). As a matter of fact, today, this charity provides Housing Services for people who need help maintaining their current home. Other services that have developed through this charity include: Education Services, Employment Services, Food Services, and Refugee Services. Not to mention, Caritas budget has increa sed reaching its peak of $6.5 million, about 60% from the government and 40% from donations. (Caritas ofRead MoreHuman Services Professional or Social Workers Code and Ethics542 Words   |  3 Pagesrelationship with a client. There are so many issues that are faced by a human service professional, explaining all of them may be difficult. In this field there are issues such as burnout, secondary trauma, compassion satisfaction, dual relationships, and boundary issues. (Reamer, F. (2012). As human services professional or social workers there is a code of ethics. In statement 6 of the code of ethics, it states human services experts must be mindful that in their associations with customers/clientsRead MoreOccupational Therapist, Social And Human Service Assistant, Pharmacist, And Veterinarian1036 Words   |  5 Pagescareers that I decided to further research are: occupational therapist, social and human service assistant, pharmacist, and veterinarian. An occupational therapist treat ill and/or disabled patients to regain the ability to do everyday activities. These patients could range from working with children, old adults, ones without a limb, alzheimer patients, and etc. They could also work at hospitals, schools, home health care services, or go to the patient’s home directly. This career requires a master’sRead MoreEssay on Unit 9 the Welfare System Human Services and Social Policy2040 Words   |  9 PagesFranklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy Franklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy To understand the â€Å"Welfare System† one must know its history. The American welfare system has changed dramatically over the past 80 years. A 100 years ago, families, local communities, and charities; typically religious based, served as the safety net for those who had fallen on hard times. The Great Depression of the 1930s would see a change in social policy with the passingRead MoreTheories Of The Field Of Multidisciplinary Human Services : Social Exchange Theory, And Systems Theory3894 Words   |  16 Pages Theories Human Services is a disciplinary geared towards meeting the needs of people from a multiple knowledge bases (What is human services?, 2013). Multidisciplinary human services is an approach to involving a variety of disciplines to address a topic or problem (Multidisciplinary Human Services Specialization, n.d.). This paper will compare and contrast three commonly applied theories to research in the field of multidisciplinary human services: social exchange theory, roleRead MoreHuman Services Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesdefining and delivering services to those in need.   Human Services now takes its place among the field of professionals administering aid. Follow us as we explore this growing and developing field with a group of college students pursuing a Human Services Leadership Degree online through the University of Wisconsin.   Their diversity, exhibited in both their individual and professional aspirations, gives us a glimpse into this exciting and emerging career pat h. What is Human Services? This question canRead MoreWhat Is Human Services?1217 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: WHAT IS HUMAN SERVICES? What is Human Services? Candice K. Holt BSHS/302 University of Phoenix August 24, 2009 The Goal of Human Services Human Services is the practice of assisting needy and less fortunate individuals with meeting their basic needs in life. â€Å"The Human Services profession is one which promotes improved service delivery systems by addressing not only the quality of direct services, but also by seeking to improve accessibility, accountability, and coordinationRead MoreThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ( Mea )869 Words   |  4 PagesECOSYSTEM SERVICES. Ecosystem services express the value of natural system to human beings. The environment is our life support system and provides services to humans such as water, producing air, food, energy and freshwater that sustains wildlife and creating employment and income for the people .TEEB (2010). Ecosystem services bring multiple gains to humans either directly and indirectly from these ecological systems and in relation to services pertaining to food provision, water regulation andRead MoreAn Exploration Of The Behavioral Management Aide Career Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is a brief exploration of the Behavioral Management Aide career in the Social and Human Service Assistant field. It is a sometimes difficult yet rewarding job in which the professional works with clients to assess them and help them solve any issues they are having which hinders them from living a fulfilling, happy life. It is a career that is expected to grow over the next few years and it only requires a high school education, but a college degree and previous experience isRead MoreAlbertsons Ditches Self-Checkout in Favor of Human Contact628 Words   |  3 PagesAlbertsons ditches self-checkout in favor of human contact 1. The presence of self-service checkout lanes and or service employees are part of the physical surroundings in Albertson’s store atmosphere, or environment. a) Using the Typology of Service Environments in Fig. 13-2, describe where Albertsons would be positioned within the grid. A typical shopping trip to Albertsons is relatively short in duration and may serve both utilitarian and hedonic motives. Consumers require food, but

Global Warming a serious threa Essay Example For Students

Global Warming a serious threa Essay Is global warming a serious threat?As human technology has been developed by scientists and researchers, we not only get a comfort in living throughout our life but it also helps people to find more jobs and less popery. However, on the other hand, there are some increasing problems on our planet earth due to human activities. They increased the global temperature about 0.5F to 1.1F (0.30.6C) since the last half of the 19th century (Global warming 1). The increase in global warming causes the raising sea level, changing precipitation, and other local climate conditions (ESP impacts of Climate Change 1). The ESP states that changing regional climate could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. It could also threaten human health, and harm birds, fish, and many types of ecosystems.The threat to human health is due to local climate. The reason why local climate threatens human health is that extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life. And also many serious diseases appear in warm places. But not only is it that warm temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn harm human health (ESP Health 1). The hot temperature, which could be the most direct effect of climate change, causes the heat problem. Because their cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather. The temperature causes harmful effects to human health and another is cause of lung problem. Higher air temperatures also increases the concentration of ozone at ground level. When this happens, the harmful ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere reach es the earths surface. The ESP states that Ozone damages lung tissue, and causes particular problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases. Even modest exposure to ozone can cause healthy individuals to experience chest pains, nausea, and pulmonary congestion. The data from ESP shows that heat wave killed 700 people in the Chicago in July 1995 and U.S., only 1000 people died from the cold each year, while twice that many died from the heat (ESP Health 1). Global warming also creates warm areas more which causes the certain harmful disease to appear. The ESP points out that:Diseases that are spread by mosquitoes and other insects could become more prevalent if warmer temperatures enabled those insects to become established farther north; such vector-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. Some scientists believe that algal blooms could occur more frequently as temperatures warm -particularly in areas with polluted waters-in which case di seases such a cholera that tend to accompany algal blooms could become more frequent. The agriculture could be harmfully affected by global warming. The only success of harvesting is really dependent on climate because crops grow in the moist soil most of time. The data from ESP points out that during extended droughts such as the 1930s Dust Bowl, crop failures have been widespread. The crop failures also occurs because of the increasing heat stress, flooding, and effecting of soil with salt due to sea level rise. (ESP Agriculture 1) There are some bad and good sides of agriculture because of the global warming. The bad side is that in some cold places, warm temperatures could lengthen the growing season. And also according to ESP higher CO2 levels also increase the efficiency with which plants use water, which may tend to offset some of the adverse effects of drier soils. The good side of it is that warmer temperatures would make it profitable to cultivate new lands, potentially in creasing production by 0.2-1.2 percent. Other studies have concluded that the 12C warming expected in next 50100 years may lead to increased agricultural production (ESP Agriculture 1). However, the changing climate condition could make some places wetter and other area drier. And also it can affect badly to the environment that some cultivate areas where cold could eliminate ecosystems (ESP Agriculture 2). .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .postImageUrl , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:visited , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:active { border:0!important; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:active , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay Due to global warming, sea level has been changed. Global sea level was about 100m (328 feet) lower than current levels at the coldest point of the last ice age about 18,000 years ago (Policy Implications 25). The reason why sea level has been arise so much is

Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same Essay Example

Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same Essay INTRODUCTION Crime is an act or omission prohibited and punished by law (The Collins Concise Dictionary Plus, Collins London and Glasgow 1990). Crime can be committed against a person, place or company. In this essay 4 types of crimes will be explained, defined and measured, along with prevalence and offender/victim characteristics. How do we define property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? †¢ Property crimes are defined and categorised as household and vehicle theft, burglary, arson, theft including shoplifting, pick pocketing, bag snatching, graffiti and vandalism Violent crimes, being homicide, kidnapping/abduction, assault, sexual assault, stalking, domestic violence and child abuse against a person †¢ White-collar crimes defined as crimes or activities that include theft, fraud, deception, embezzlement harmful behaviours, environmental or health and safety hazards †¢ Internet crimes consisting of cyber-crimes, piracy, frauds, identi ty theft, cyber-stalking, computer hacking and hate/harmful speech and obscene imagery. What are property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Example of property crimes is breaking into a car and the stealing of a mobile phone, trespassing into a property to commit an offence or the setting of fire to property. Unlike Property crimes, violent crimes are committed against a person and as such explained as the indecent assault of a person/s against their will, taking a life with or without intent to kill, taking of a person against their will or threats, force or violence against person. In general there is no agreed definition for white-collar crime. Rather, the term covers a range of criminal activities or breach of regulatory activities undertaken by highly regarded professionals/educated professional in positions of trust such as employer provides inadequate working conditions causing serious personal injury to employees or company director misleads shareholders about its financials and continues to operate regardless of its inability to p ay debt. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Internet crime is explained as the unauthorised access of and taking of financial records or sabotage of a persons computer, illegal downloading of movies or songs and bogus websites set up to entice the unsuspecting person to give access to their personal details and accounts. How do we measure property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? We can measure detected and reported property crime via administrative data. Administrative data gives a high level of property crime reporting, mainly because there is less fear or shame from reporting of property crimes and also police reports are often required for insurance reporting requirements. Its limitation is it does not encompass undetected and unreported crime known as the ‘dark figure’ of crime (Coleman Moynihan, 1996). Detected and reported violent crime can be measured using administrative data. Violent crime can also be measured by victimization and researcher surveys where victims do not report crime for various reasons such as victims often knowing the offender and/or fear of reprisal. The Australian Bureau of Statistics Administrative data on crime victimisation can be derived from a number of sources including police, hospitals and community service agencies. Internet crimes have considerable lower reporting under administrative data due to the non detection or victims unaware they have been a victim of internet crime. We can measure internet crime by surveys such as victimization surveys or measurement against the ongoing extent of the crime. White-collar crime with the exception of fraud under criminal law is extremely difficult to measure due to the complexity of each crime/activity, some activities are regarded as regulatory and not criminal and the interpretations of a crime/activity can be perceived differently among victims. This type of crime/activity is generally picked up through regulatory audits, routine checks and investigation units such as specialized crime departments, police fraud or relevant regulators. Regardless of the different types of data and surveys available, no one reporting measure gives a true indicative picture of crime. How do we gather data on property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Reported property crime and violent crime data can be gathered by using official crime statistics, police reports, corrective service reports, higher, magistrates’ and children’s courts of Australia, reports and insurance reports. Undetected and unreported data for violent crime data can be gathered via qualitative methods and quantitative surveys. Some examples of such are The National Youth Survey, The Rand Tri-State Inmate Survey, The Liverpool Desistance Study, Snowball sampling, organizational and observational data. Researchers also gather data from past, present and/or incarcerated offenders as well as the general public which provide information not only about the prevalence of undetected and unreported crime but why people commit crimes. Gathering data on internet crime is difficult. Surveys such as the 2005 Australian computer crimes and security survey, conducted by AusCERT, Australian High Tech Crime Centre and various state, territory and federal police agencies provide an indicative sample. Researchers gather data from white-collar crimes through administrative data such as criminal fraud reports, victimization surveys, state and territory police agencies as well as the Australian Payments Clearing Association. Apart from fraud, gathering data on white-collar crime is extremely difficult as most victims don’t report. What crime/activities have occurred is gathered via reports from police and security agencies and government reports. Some activities are written off by the victim in the hope that the behaviour/incident is not repeated. What do we know about the typical offenders and victims of property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime? There appears to be overwhelming evidence from research that supports the conclusion that age is a factor within property crime characteristics. There is a significantly higher representation that occurs in middle to late adolescence and subsides in early adulthood for property crime. This is thought to be associated with â€Å"adolescent rebelliousness†. An overlooked characteristic of youth is that they are also more likely, statistically, to be victims of crime. The majority of crime victims are male under the age of 25. This is different to the popular belief that would suggest otherwise. It is often perceived that older people have a greater risk however, surveys have identified that older people, and in particular women appear to be more fearful of crime not victims of crime. Violent crime has a gender differentiated nature. Data suggests that approximately 80% of crimes are committed by males and 90% of violent crimes are committed by males. This is supported by convictions and prison populations. To understand the victims, it needs to be broken down to more specific categories of violent crimes. For example, males tend to be victims of murder or attempted murder and assault, female are disproportionately represented as victims of sexual assault, kidnapping/abduction. Although males appear to be highly represented in both offenders and victim categories of violent crime, this does not appear to be the case within categories of white-collar crime such as fraud. The ratio of female offenders to male offenders is higher than that of any other category with ratio of two thirds male to one third female. There also appears to be an unusual relationship between repeat offenders and repeat victims. Many victims are victimised repeatedly. It is suggested that residencies with low occupation rates are often the target of repeat burglaries. Prison populations also suggest a disproportionately higher population of repeat offenders. There appears to be little data that describes the victims or offenders in relation to internet crime. However, it could be hypothesized that a great proportion of male offenders would also be represented within this category. How much property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime is there in our community? Crime statistics for our local community has been drawn from Victorian Police region 4 statistics. Statistics for postcode 3129, within this region for 2008 and 2009 using per 100,000 population suggests property damage, theft of and from motor vehicles and residential burglary had reduced substantially but violent crimes including crimes against the person and assault had increased. Internet crimes and white-collar crimes were not available. Statistics for the state of Victoria indicated property crime such as robbery, burglary and theft or and from motor vehicles was down where as violent crimes such as assault had increased. Is property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime on the rise, is it stable or is it declining? Allowing for variations within reporting methods and survey results, there appears to be stable evidence that recorded crime statistics show property crime declining for recorded break and enter or burglary and other theft including pick pocketing, bag snatching, shoplifting and bicycle theft. There also appears to be an increase in motor vehicle theft between 1996 and 2001 followed by a decline from 2001-2008. Recording rates for other theft in 2008 as with previous years suggests that it remains the most commonly reported property crime. Violent crime statistics indicate assaults as the most recorded since 1996, kidnapping statistics fluctuated from 1996 – 2008, homicide statistics also fluctuated but continued to be the 2nd lowest recorded and although the least recorded, there has been an overall increase on sexual assault since 1996. CONCLUSION There appears to be no uniform measurement system for measuring crime. This leads to inconsistencies within the gathered data and the inability to compare between categories, regions and states. Notwithstanding the inaccuracies within the measurement system, property crime is largest represented category and at this stage internet crime has little representation within the data. Whilst we would love to agree with the typical media characterization of an offender, we cannot due to large variations within the data. However, we can suggest the most likely offender would be a young male adolescent committing a property crime. References Collins London and Glasgow (1990) The Collins Concise Dictionary Plus p. 299 Victoria Police News. My Police Crime Statistics for Your Area. Retrieved from http://www. icpolicenews. com. au/index. php? option=com_statisticstask=search Hennessey Hayes and Tim Prenzler (2009) An Introduction to Crime and Criminology 2nd Edition Pearson Education Australia Australian Institute of Criminology. Selected Crime Profiles. Retrieved from http://www. aic. gov. au/en/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/2%20selected%20crime%20profiles. aspx Last mo dified 18 August 2009 Australian Institute of Criminology. Recorded Crime. Retrieved from http://www. aic. gov. au/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/1%20recorded%20crime. aspx. Last modified 17 March 2010

How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay Guidelines, Tips and Examples - Paperell.com

How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay Guidelines, Tips and Examples How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay: Guidelines, Tips and Examples People can learn about things that they have never seen before by reading or listening to their descriptions. They can learn much about a person, book, or place from a small piece of writing. It lets people share knowledge about things. When creating a descriptive essay, you should describe a person, place, picture, book, or anything else. Of course, it should be the man or woman you know, a place where you have been, or a book that you read earlier. If you wonder how to write a descriptive essay, it’s usually difficult no more than other types of essays. It helps you to develop your skills of describing people and things, and these skills are very helpful. You should know the preferred size of your paper. It helps you to understand how wide can be your description because if you have to create a big paper, you can provide a much more detailed description. Despite it is not difficult to work on such papers, it may take a lot of time. If you think you can’t create it on time, there is a custom descriptive essay writing service that helps students to complete their papers. If you are assigned to a specific topic, you can start working on it. If you are required to pick a topic by yourself, you should tell about a person or an object that you are familiar with because it will be much easier to complete and show your personal point of view. If you have several sections in your paper, you should group them and place in a right order. If needed, make transitions between sections so readers can move easily from chapter to chapter and get your point of view.How To Write A Good Descriptive Essay?IntroductionHere you can tell readers about what you are going to describe, why did you pick this topic, and what is the background for this essay. Provide a thesis statement that contains the details on the object of research and your opinion about it. If you don’t know how to write a thesis statement for a descriptive essay or how to write an essay introdu ction paragraph, you can look for a good example of such a paper in your college library database.BodyHere you present the main set of descriptions. It consists of a few parts, organized in a proper order, and you should make an outline of the body and then fill it with your content. If you tell readers about a person, each section can show a specific side of his or her personality. If you tell about a place, you may describe different each of rooms in different sections. If the subject of your paper is a book, you can present each chapter of it.ConclusionHere you tell readers what they could learn about a person or place you described, and show connections between the thesis statement and sections. If you need to know how to write a conclusion for a descriptive essay, you should also read examples.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Place?It should be a place where you have been before. If you were there many times, you will be able to provide more details and if there is a po ssibility to visit this place before creating an essay, you should do it. Pay attention to the most significant elements of this place. You may describe not only how it looks, but also how it smells and what sounds people hear there. It wakes emotions more than a usual picture of a house faà §ade or walls in the room. The good way to learn to describe places is reading books. Writers usually spend much time on describing places, especially where characters live and the main events of these books take place.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Person?There are different ways to describe a person – you should tell readers how he or she looks like, what is the habits of this person, and what he or she likes to do. Pick the most significant facts about a person. They let you readers understand the personality, Significant details help you to create a more effective content, for example, the profession of this person, their manners, and points of view, favorite places. Pay at tention to what makes this person original.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Picture?If you need to describe a piece of art, you should have a background for it – tell readers what style of painting is used, who is the artist and what inspired him or her to paint it. Then you should describe what do you see in this picture. Pay attention to each detail on the picture. Many of them can have a deeper meaning than you think and if you can’t create your essay about a picture on time, you can get a professional essay help to get it when you need.ConclusionIf you are going to create a descriptive essay, you should use your skills and knowledge about a specific person or a place. However, that is not all you have to do. You should also learn to pick the most significant facts to help readers see the big picture of what you are writing about and understand it. You can describe any person you know or any object you are familiar with by writing about them from your positi on. Make sure that your readers have the necessary background to understand the description and give them more facts if needed. You are writing about your experience but also try to guess what is interesting to your readers. The facts that have a big meaning for you can be not very exciting for other students, that is why you should also think what they want to hear or read. The outline of a descriptive essay is similar to other types of essays. The bigger is the size of your paper, the more ideas and elements you can present by it, you can read samples of such works to learn how to write them correctly. Pay attention to details and try to wake emotions by your writing. Let your readers feel like they meet the person or visit the place you are writing about, even if they have never read about them earlier.

Drinking ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drinking ages - Essay Example These laws encompass an extensive range of actions and issues associated with alcohol consumption; they clearly indicate when and where alcohol can be imbibed. However, the legal age for consumption of alcohol can be different from the legal age for purchasing of alcohol (Kindelberger 197). Furthermore, these laws are variable among different countries and many laws have room for exemptions under special circumstances; and most laws only restrict the imbibing of alcohol in public places, with no imposition of restriction on alcohol consumed at home. Many countries have different age restrictions for different kinds of alcoholic beverages. The United Kingdom is the only country that has set a minimum age restriction for imbibing alcohol at home. Whereas, in some countries minors are not restricted to consume alcohol, but the alcohol can be seized, and some restrict selling of alcohol to minors. Although the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 clearly specified that individuals of 21 years of age or older are allowed to purchase and consume alcohol, there have been intermittent debates whether the drinking age should be 21 or be lowered to 18. Scientists supporting either side come with substantial evidence. However, popular sentiment tells that there are more people supporting the legal drinking age of 21 than those supporting 18 years of age. The arguments from both sides are primarily centered on adults of age 18-21, and college and university students (Kiesbye 57). A large number of college and university officials have sparked debates that current alcohol drinking laws have poorly failed; that instead of drawing students away from alcohol, they have simply forced students to take underage drinking in secrecy toward dangerous extremes, and it has established a wide-spread culture of clandestine drinking among young adults,

Aristotle and relationships at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Aristotle and relationships at work - Essay Example Happiness, to Aristotle, can easily be misjudged. Aristotle thought that people think happiness is a result of virtue, and through virtues like honor, pleasure and reason a human being can achieve happiness. But, according to Aristotle, this is not so: the pursuit of these does not equal happiness but leads one away from happiness. In actuality, happiness is achieved through self-sufficiency. But Aristotle clarifies this in his Nicomachean Ethics: â€Å"Now by self-sufficient we do not mean that is sufficient by a man himself, one which leads a solitary life, but also for parents, children, wife and in general for his friends and citizens (Aristotle 7).† Man is born of citizenship and through the adherence to the people he loves he will find happiness. But Nicomachean Ethics goes on to describe self-sufficiency as â€Å"that which when isolated makes one desirable, and lacking in nothing: and such we think happiness to be (Aristotle 8).† Happiness within self-sufficienc y is the end of action, not the experience of doing right by close members of friends and family, but the result of these actions. To Aristotle, happiness also has a â€Å"snowball effect.† Happiness comes from continuous good actions, and though a couple small blunders won’t make someone unhappy, per se, it is the combined results of good deeds and general goodness one achieves self-sufficiency and happiness. Though it is easy for a man to be distracted by the unhappiness or happiness of his fellow man, Aristotle continually emphasizes the fact that self-sufficiency, an independent motivator, should take precedence and one shouldn’t be flummoxed by the successes or failures of people around him. This could lead to unhappiness, and this lack of focus often does. One can certainly apply these ideas of Aristotalian happiness to

Sucralose Essay Example for Free

Sucralose Essay Sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructo-furanosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside), sold under the trade name Splenda (R), is usually categorized as non-nutritive sweetener or flavor enhancer. The molecular formula is C12H19Cl3O8 (1). It exists at room temperature as a white to off-white, crystalline powder, which is freely soluble in water, in methanol, and in alcohol, and slightly soluble in ethyl acetate (1). Sucralose has molecular weight of 397. 64 (2). As a sweetener, it has 400 to 800 times that of sucrose (2). Its melting point has been recorded as 130 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is between 614. and 724. 4 degree Celsius under the condition of press 760 Torr (3). Sucralose is stable in solution at low pH, and also stable in solution at high temperatures as sucrose. Therefore, it can be stored for several years in liquids (3). The density of sucralose is about 1. 694 g/cm3 (3). The below chemical structure for sucralose was retrieved from the Dictionary of Food Compounds (2): Sucralose was first synthesized by Hough and co-workers at the Queen Elizabeth College at the University of London during the 1970s and was developed commercially as an intense sweetener by Tate Lyle, LLC and McNeil Specialty Products Co (4). Sucralose is made by the selective substitution of three hydroxyl groups of sucrose with three chlorine atoms, which was first approved as a food additive in Canada in 1992 and has subsequently been approved in over 80 countries as an intense sweetener (4). Sucralose can be slowly hydrolyses to the two monosaccharides 1,6-dicholorofructose (1,6-DCF) and 4-chlorogalactose (4-CG) under severe acidic conditions, so the formula cannot be found in natural waters (4). Sucralose is usually used in baked goods, sugars, alcoholic drinks, dairy products, cereals, fruit, beverages and nut products (3). In general, sucralose may cause toxicity to aquatic organisms at concentrations ? 1123 mg/L (4). A range of long-term mammalian toxicity studies indicates that sucralose has no known specific mode of toxic action and causes no adverse effects on major physiological systems (4). Recent research concerns that the potential biological effects in non-target species living in areas receive discharges from anthropogenic activities due to the widespread usage and the high stability of sucralose. The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) for sucralose, based on measured data in surface water, was determined to be 10 ? g/L. During the process, data support that sucralose does not cause toxic effects. In conclusion, the resulting conservative PEC risk quotient is 0. 08, thus indicating low risk to aquatic organisms. Although available data suggest that sucralose is persistent in the aquatic environment, current knowledge also suggests that this intense sweetener should not be classified either as bioaccumulative or toxic using standardized and regulatory valid PBT criteria (4).