Call of the Wild Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Call of the Wild - Movie Review Example Diagram Call of the wild happens in rural America. While commentators acclaim the plot of the accounts, numerous individuals have had various audits of the impact it might have on the world circumstance today, be it among the youthful or grown-ups. The recognition this film makes is one that leaves various feelings in the psyches of the crowd. The films might be considered for the youthful and the old, where all would appreciate it. It doesn't have any negative impact to kids, young people or grown-ups and still keeps up a sparkle that intrigues all in the crowd. Certain contemporary motion pictures give a face for discussion since they furnish particularly youthful crowd with negative impacts that are hurtful. For example, numerous motion pictures will have characters reviling, smoking or in any event, having bare scenes. This is anyway not the situation with Call of the Wild. Regardless of not having contrary effects on individuals, it contains certain sincerely solid scenes that s ome may think about improper to their kids. For example, there is a scene with a granddad who was irate with his girl, harassing occurring, a pooch being misused by his proprietors and some more. In any case, all these are scenes that the executive and the author need to build up the elevated subjects present in that time of unremarkableness. Plot The film delineates a scene where a pooch living in enormity and riches is taken by a betting uncaring servant and sold in the city. He faces numerous difficulties from his new proprietors where he isn't given food, secured little room. Fortunately, he gets possibility of recovery and battles for opportunity and better living. His endeavors go unrewarded and very he later experiences unlimited occurrences of being tormented by his proprietor. Afterward, he finds new proprietor dispatchers where he picks up understanding of enduring unforgiving climate states of the winter. On one specific occasion after a long excursion, he can make up for himself in the wild and leads his way to another pack of wild canines and now and then finishes in competition with certain individuals from the pack. The pooch, Buck, is later ready to become leader of the pack and leads the rest through the thick virus woodlands. A while later, Buck ends up in the postal conveyance administration where he likewise finds the trouble of conveying substantial burdens loaded up with letters and packages with different pooches. Buck at that point proceed onward to a trio of proprietors, who have insignificant involvement with controlling, taking care of or rewarding sled hounds. He can endure the inability of the three proprietors and after a perilous involvement in the proprietors and individuals from the sled. Some suffocate while Buck endures the experience and ends up in the possession of Thornton; another proprietor. Thornton treats him well and is experienced to work with hound having understood that Buck was an astounding pooch. Through his jou rney looking for gold, Buck encourages him a ton and at some point wins him wagers as a byproduct of cash. Buck is a solid pooch. He frames an incredible bond with his proprietor and a wolf. One night after Buck and the wolf go running, they return and discover Thornton and the remainder of the residents murdered by rival Indians. He is disillusioned and thusly turns to avenging in the interest of Thornton. Consistently, Bucks comes back to the site of the town to grieve his friend’s end. Subjects in Call of the Wild The film comprises of a clear topic an effort for unity.

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK :: Papers Government Voting

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK There are three primary corresponding portrayal frameworks that have been built up that attempt to guarantee that party’s seats are earned more relatively. The utilization of the Single Transferable Vote, List and Extra Member frameworks has changed UK legislative issues, affecting portrayal, administration, strategy and gatherings the same. The Single Transferable Vote framework, which is unpredictable, is utilized in Northern Ireland for everything except the UK political race. It has augmented portrayal and improve popular government. It has since quite a while ago worked with on the entire valuable outcomes in the Republic of Ireland (as we have seen), a nation which had recently shared at any rate a piece of the British parliamentary convention. The Additional Members System (AMS) came about in 1998 as so did the Scottish Parliament due to the 1998 submission which prompted the Devolution Act. In 1999 and 2003 the traditionalists got 18 seats through the List vote under AMS, giving them an a lot more pleasant portrayal of their help broadly in Scotland. The AMS in the welsh gathering has empowered progressively decision and subsequently half of the welsh assembly’s individuals are female, the first fairly chose lawmaking body to have the option to state that. These brings about Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have diminished the likelihood of a solitary gathering dealing with the administrative associations which utilize these relatively delegate frameworks, along these lines evading the single party strength or then again even discretionary autocracy connected with first past the post framework. Work won 28 seats in the Welsh gathering in 1999, 3 shy of an generally speaking dominant part, which means they needed to shape an alliance government with the Lib Dems, a lot to the Lib Dems fulfillment, as they bolster AMS for this very explanation †it implies a substantially less prevailing gathering thus a government for the individuals and not the gathering. In Scotland a very comparative case happened with again missing the mark regarding a dominant part and once more shaping an alliance government with the cover Dems. The utilization of AMS and the resultant alliances in Scotland and in Wales

Blog Archive MBA News Business Schools Hope to Recruit in Cuba

Blog Archive MBA News Business Schools Hope to Recruit in Cuba Cuba is a buzzing topicâ€"as relations between the United States and the Caribbean nation are normalizing, the countries’ resources are finally available to one another. One possibly surprising sector looking to take advantage of this development is business schools. According to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), such schools as Stanford and Wharton are throwing their nets in international waters in hopes of finding some local talent. “Wharton would be very interested in recruiting in Cuba,” Mauro Guillen,  director of the Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, told the WSJ, and he expressed hope that such a move would be feasible in a year. Despite the schools’ eagerness for Cuban MBA candidates, some obstacles remain in place. Standardized testingâ€"such as the GMATâ€"is currently unavailable in the country, but exam officials are hopeful: “We’ve been looking at what it would take to deliver a test [to Cuba],” Sangeet Chowfla,  president and chief executive officer of the Graduate Management Admission Council, told the WSJ. Perhaps the MBA Class of 2018 will include the first born-and-raised Cuban graduates? Share ThisTweet News

Sanctions And Free Trade Sanctions - 1459 Words

Trade sanctions are often associated with a retaliatory action in a trade dispute. Earlier, we looked at the case involving the US and the EU. The WTO had authorized the US to impose sanctions against the EU’s resulting from its ban on hormone beef imports from the US. The WTO is the body set up to promote free trade, and thus, it is strange to see the WTO supporting trade sanctions. However, in this particular case, the WTO judged the best action to be trade sanctions. Then, along with the negative impacts, sanctions can offer positive impacts on trade if applied with the proper and justifiable intention. David Baldwin, a professor of World Order Studies, argues that an economic sanction and free can be compatible. At first glance, this†¦show more content†¦The threatened sanctions and consequences outlined by these bills offer protection for companies to conduct business under the hospice of free trade. The WTO does recognize that sanctions have a role to play if states are found to be in violation of the rules of the liberal trading system. Proponents of BDS have argued that they have a right to choose with whom to do business, and therefore are not obligated to do business with any particular company. However, opponents of the movement, especially those who support the anti-BDS bills would argue that the BDS movement is more than an expression of this freedom. The voice of the movement has a real effect on trade and therefore is much more than speech. The anti-BDS bills, even though politically motivated, are to counter what is considered to be actions contrary to trade. Therefore, any potential economic sanction would be to counter the infringements on the liberal trade system, and thus, has the potential of being endorsed by WTO. Baldwin continues by arguing that one of the most longstanding exceptions to the doctrine of free trade concerns national security. He argues that free trade advocates, Adam Smith, and John Stuart Mill, approved the Navigation Acts, which restricted trade on national security grounds (Baldwin). Richard Cobden, a

Great Expectations Chapters 7-25 Essay - 4159 Words

Great Expectations (Chapters 7-25) Chapter 7 1. Dickens is noted for giving his characters names that are descriptive to their personalities. The names often sound like other words or are a pun. How could Mrs. Wopsle’s name be descriptive of her personality? Mrs. Wopsles name describes her personality because â€Å"Wopsle† sounds like â€Å"wobble† and Mrs. Wopsle is has a very wobbly and carefree personality. 2. How are Biddy and Pip alike? Biddy and Pip are alike because they were both â€Å"brought up by hand†. Also, they are both from the same social class and have dreams of a better life. 3. Why has Joe not learned to read as a child? What makes him marry Pip’s sister? Joe has not learned to read as a child because he did not attend school.†¦show more content†¦The evidence that Pip is an insecure, impressionable young boy is that Estella opinions in his coarse hands and thick boots made him break down and cry. He blames his sister for his insecurities because of his sisters’ bringing him up had made him sensitive. Chapter 9 1. Why does Pip feel the need to lie about Miss Havisham when he is questioned about her by Mrs. Joe and Mr. Pumblechook? Why is he confident Mr.Pumblechook will not correct his story? Pip feels the need to lie about Miss Havisham because he feels that they won’t believe him and doesn’t want to publicly humiliate her. He is certain Mr. Pumblechook will not correct his story because he does not know her. 2. What advice does Joe give Pip when Pip confesses that the stories about Miss Havisham are lies? Joe advices Pip to never lie again and tell the truth. Use the following passage from the book to answer the next three questions. â€Å" That was a memorable day to me, for it made great changes in me. But it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns of flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day.† 3. What changes in Pip are made the day he visits Satis House? The change sin Pip after her visits the Satis House is he wants toShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Culture and Motivation1496 Words   |  6 PagesProposed Methodology Project Plan Sources of Reading INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE As Desson and Clouthier (2010) state, culture is an important factor in both attracting and retaining desirable employees. The extent to which an employee’s needs and expectations are fulfilled will determine the motivation, job satisfaction and performance levels (Mullins, 2005, p. 499) which would be influenced by culture. XY Ltd (XY) established in 1944 has become the market leader in sea trade in Sri Lanka at presentRead MoreIntroductory to Online Learning1027 Words   |  5 PagesUNV 108 Date: Instructor: Understanding a GCU Assignment Worksheet Assignment Background: It is important to read through all components of an assignment in the GCU classroom so that you are aware of its requirements and the expectations of your instructor. Look for the following cues: †¢ What is the objective of the assignment? †¢ What are the elements of the assignment? †¢ How will the assignment be graded? †¢ What are other considerations for completing theRead MoreGreat Expectations Essay5691 Words   |  23 PagesDerick Sackos Great Expectations: Chapter 1 Questions 1. The novel is written in what point of view? – The novel is in 1st person. 2. Where does the opening scene take place? – It takes place in a churchyard. 3. What is Pips full name? – Pip’s full name is Philip Pirrip. 4. Where are Pips parents? – They are dead and buried in the churchyard. 5. With whom does Pip live? – Pip lives with his sister and her husband. 6. What does Joe Gargery do for a living? - Joe is a blacksmithRead MorePhysical Fitness Center: Facility Layout1608 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine the idle-time percentage from a given assembly-line balance? Idle-time percentage is given as â€Å"balance delay† in the chapter. It is simply one minus efficiency, where efficiency is equal to the sum of the task times divided by the number of workstations times the cycle time. 5. What information of particular importance do route sheets and process charts (discussed in Chapter 3) provide to the layout planner? Route sheets and process charts tell the layout planner the sequence of steps, the processingRead MoreDesigning a reward System1096 Words   |  5 Pagesengage their employees. The company must keep their goals in mind. 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Irrational investor behaviour Empirical studies of changes in the price a share of stock Alternative explanations (tending towards theories) of the causes of these price movements †¢ The chapter does not discuss current value accounting. ii. 2 INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR Is It Really ‘Rational’? †¢ †¢ †¢ In an efficientRead MoreHoldens Escape of Corruption Through Childhood and Innocence in The Catcher in the Rye1699 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished that passion was not dedicated to him, even though he enjoyed womens company and yearned for a sexual life. Holden was not appealed by the physical reality. Holdens confusion was clearly shown in chapter thirteen, in relation to the prostitute. This chapter demonstrated Holdens child-like behavior and his inability to fulfil his sexual desires. He was confused about his virginity and could not foresee how he would react in front of the prostitute. However heRead MoreSpecific Predictive Prophecies Are One Of Daniel’S Distinctive1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthese incredible predictions would turn into mere historic narrative. However, Daniel addresses these four kingdoms elsewhere in his work, and the traditional identification of the four kingdoms is clear from a proper interpretation of those texts (Dan. 7:2-8, 17; 8:3-8, 20-22; Archer, A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, 376-78). Furthermore, Daniel does not distinguish between the Median and Persian kingdoms (McDowell 22). His inspired interpretation of the handwriting on the wall depicts the PersiansRead MoreRoles of Human Resource in Managing Employee Expectation for the Success of Merger8242 Words   |  33 PagesROLES OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN MANAGING EMPLOYEE EXPECTATION INFLUENCE THE SUCCESS OF MERGER ACQUISITION By KASMARIZA KASSIM A project paper submitted to Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia in fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Human Resource Management 1 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ix xiii xiv CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Background Study Problem Statement ResearchRead MoreBiblical Worldview : A Worldview Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesshow a concern for the care of nature. Nature suffers because it is a casualty of sin, not because it is naturally evil. The world should anticipate a time when God shall deliver creation from the wrath of sin (8:19, 21). Nature â€Å"waits in eager expectation for the children of God to be revealed† (8:19). 133 Human Identity1 Paul wrote to the followers of God in Rome, the biggest most prestigious city in the world. A city were many suffered from slavery and poverty (Hindson Towns, 2013, pp.412).

Human Services And Social Services - 1602 Words

Human services organizations assist people in the community to find resources and social services that will meet their needs. Our society experiences suffering from different avenues such as healthcare, housing, education, etc., that causes us to go and ask for help at the offices of human services. Many people do not have the resources available so they need someone to turn to for the basic needs of life. Quite frequently a question is raised as to what has gone wrong with our society today, what has caused the problems people experience in their day to day lives, and what can be done to correct the problems or where can citizens go and look for services in the community to help them with their problems? The goals of human services are to cope and solve various issues in people’s lives. Human services were fashioned as a way to advance the quality of life of socially disadvantaged individuals by upholding the thought that many individuals are unable to meet their most basic n eeds, such as physical and emotional needs on their own exclusive of assistance from outside sources. Portions of human services are also devoted to help people meet their basic needs as well as to place them on the path to independence In this paper I will discuss about an agency that I interviewed and their social services. I had the honor of interviewing Salome Muthiani, who is a supervisor at Hennepin County Department of Human Services Office of Multicultural services, which is located at 1201Show MoreRelatedHuman Services: Social Services Essay example1337 Words   |  6 PagesPantry to individuals and families in need† (Charity Navigator Rating - Caritas of Austin). As a matter of fact, today, this charity provides Housing Services for people who need help maintaining their current home. 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This career requires a master’sRead MoreEssay on Unit 9 the Welfare System Human Services and Social Policy2040 Words   |  9 PagesFranklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy Franklin Moe, Jr. Human Services amp; Social Policy To understand the â€Å"Welfare System† one must know its history. The American welfare system has changed dramatically over the past 80 years. A 100 years ago, families, local communities, and charities; typically religious based, served as the safety net for those who had fallen on hard times. The Great Depression of the 1930s would see a change in social policy with the passingRead MoreTheories Of The Field Of Multidisciplinary Human Services : Social Exchange Theory, And Systems Theory3894 Words   |  16 Pages Theories Human Services is a disciplinary geared towards meeting the needs of people from a multiple knowledge bases (What is human services?, 2013). 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The presence of self-service checkout lanes and or service employees are part of the physical surroundings in Albertson’s store atmosphere, or environment. a) Using the Typology of Service Environments in Fig. 13-2, describe where Albertsons would be positioned within the grid. A typical shopping trip to Albertsons is relatively short in duration and may serve both utilitarian and hedonic motives. Consumers require food, but

Global Warming a serious threa Essay Example For Students

Global Warming a serious threa Essay Is global warming a serious threat?As human technology has been developed by scientists and researchers, we not only get a comfort in living throughout our life but it also helps people to find more jobs and less popery. However, on the other hand, there are some increasing problems on our planet earth due to human activities. They increased the global temperature about 0.5F to 1.1F (0.30.6C) since the last half of the 19th century (Global warming 1). The increase in global warming causes the raising sea level, changing precipitation, and other local climate conditions (ESP impacts of Climate Change 1). The ESP states that changing regional climate could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. It could also threaten human health, and harm birds, fish, and many types of ecosystems.The threat to human health is due to local climate. The reason why local climate threatens human health is that extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life. And also many serious diseases appear in warm places. But not only is it that warm temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn harm human health (ESP Health 1). The hot temperature, which could be the most direct effect of climate change, causes the heat problem. Because their cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather. The temperature causes harmful effects to human health and another is cause of lung problem. Higher air temperatures also increases the concentration of ozone at ground level. When this happens, the harmful ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere reach es the earths surface. The ESP states that Ozone damages lung tissue, and causes particular problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases. Even modest exposure to ozone can cause healthy individuals to experience chest pains, nausea, and pulmonary congestion. The data from ESP shows that heat wave killed 700 people in the Chicago in July 1995 and U.S., only 1000 people died from the cold each year, while twice that many died from the heat (ESP Health 1). Global warming also creates warm areas more which causes the certain harmful disease to appear. The ESP points out that:Diseases that are spread by mosquitoes and other insects could become more prevalent if warmer temperatures enabled those insects to become established farther north; such vector-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. Some scientists believe that algal blooms could occur more frequently as temperatures warm -particularly in areas with polluted waters-in which case di seases such a cholera that tend to accompany algal blooms could become more frequent. The agriculture could be harmfully affected by global warming. The only success of harvesting is really dependent on climate because crops grow in the moist soil most of time. The data from ESP points out that during extended droughts such as the 1930s Dust Bowl, crop failures have been widespread. The crop failures also occurs because of the increasing heat stress, flooding, and effecting of soil with salt due to sea level rise. (ESP Agriculture 1) There are some bad and good sides of agriculture because of the global warming. The bad side is that in some cold places, warm temperatures could lengthen the growing season. And also according to ESP higher CO2 levels also increase the efficiency with which plants use water, which may tend to offset some of the adverse effects of drier soils. The good side of it is that warmer temperatures would make it profitable to cultivate new lands, potentially in creasing production by 0.2-1.2 percent. Other studies have concluded that the 12C warming expected in next 50100 years may lead to increased agricultural production (ESP Agriculture 1). However, the changing climate condition could make some places wetter and other area drier. And also it can affect badly to the environment that some cultivate areas where cold could eliminate ecosystems (ESP Agriculture 2). .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .postImageUrl , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:visited , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:active { border:0!important; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:active , .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947 .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e8c4736c75fda4d7a69007942479947:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay Due to global warming, sea level has been changed. Global sea level was about 100m (328 feet) lower than current levels at the coldest point of the last ice age about 18,000 years ago (Policy Implications 25). The reason why sea level has been arise so much is

Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same Essay Example

Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same Essay INTRODUCTION Crime is an act or omission prohibited and punished by law (The Collins Concise Dictionary Plus, Collins London and Glasgow 1990). Crime can be committed against a person, place or company. In this essay 4 types of crimes will be explained, defined and measured, along with prevalence and offender/victim characteristics. How do we define property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? †¢ Property crimes are defined and categorised as household and vehicle theft, burglary, arson, theft including shoplifting, pick pocketing, bag snatching, graffiti and vandalism Violent crimes, being homicide, kidnapping/abduction, assault, sexual assault, stalking, domestic violence and child abuse against a person †¢ White-collar crimes defined as crimes or activities that include theft, fraud, deception, embezzlement harmful behaviours, environmental or health and safety hazards †¢ Internet crimes consisting of cyber-crimes, piracy, frauds, identi ty theft, cyber-stalking, computer hacking and hate/harmful speech and obscene imagery. What are property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Example of property crimes is breaking into a car and the stealing of a mobile phone, trespassing into a property to commit an offence or the setting of fire to property. Unlike Property crimes, violent crimes are committed against a person and as such explained as the indecent assault of a person/s against their will, taking a life with or without intent to kill, taking of a person against their will or threats, force or violence against person. In general there is no agreed definition for white-collar crime. Rather, the term covers a range of criminal activities or breach of regulatory activities undertaken by highly regarded professionals/educated professional in positions of trust such as employer provides inadequate working conditions causing serious personal injury to employees or company director misleads shareholders about its financials and continues to operate regardless of its inability to p ay debt. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity All Clients Who Seek Health Care Services Should Be Treated the Same specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Internet crime is explained as the unauthorised access of and taking of financial records or sabotage of a persons computer, illegal downloading of movies or songs and bogus websites set up to entice the unsuspecting person to give access to their personal details and accounts. How do we measure property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? We can measure detected and reported property crime via administrative data. Administrative data gives a high level of property crime reporting, mainly because there is less fear or shame from reporting of property crimes and also police reports are often required for insurance reporting requirements. Its limitation is it does not encompass undetected and unreported crime known as the ‘dark figure’ of crime (Coleman Moynihan, 1996). Detected and reported violent crime can be measured using administrative data. Violent crime can also be measured by victimization and researcher surveys where victims do not report crime for various reasons such as victims often knowing the offender and/or fear of reprisal. The Australian Bureau of Statistics Administrative data on crime victimisation can be derived from a number of sources including police, hospitals and community service agencies. Internet crimes have considerable lower reporting under administrative data due to the non detection or victims unaware they have been a victim of internet crime. We can measure internet crime by surveys such as victimization surveys or measurement against the ongoing extent of the crime. White-collar crime with the exception of fraud under criminal law is extremely difficult to measure due to the complexity of each crime/activity, some activities are regarded as regulatory and not criminal and the interpretations of a crime/activity can be perceived differently among victims. This type of crime/activity is generally picked up through regulatory audits, routine checks and investigation units such as specialized crime departments, police fraud or relevant regulators. Regardless of the different types of data and surveys available, no one reporting measure gives a true indicative picture of crime. How do we gather data on property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Reported property crime and violent crime data can be gathered by using official crime statistics, police reports, corrective service reports, higher, magistrates’ and children’s courts of Australia, reports and insurance reports. Undetected and unreported data for violent crime data can be gathered via qualitative methods and quantitative surveys. Some examples of such are The National Youth Survey, The Rand Tri-State Inmate Survey, The Liverpool Desistance Study, Snowball sampling, organizational and observational data. Researchers also gather data from past, present and/or incarcerated offenders as well as the general public which provide information not only about the prevalence of undetected and unreported crime but why people commit crimes. Gathering data on internet crime is difficult. Surveys such as the 2005 Australian computer crimes and security survey, conducted by AusCERT, Australian High Tech Crime Centre and various state, territory and federal police agencies provide an indicative sample. Researchers gather data from white-collar crimes through administrative data such as criminal fraud reports, victimization surveys, state and territory police agencies as well as the Australian Payments Clearing Association. Apart from fraud, gathering data on white-collar crime is extremely difficult as most victims don’t report. What crime/activities have occurred is gathered via reports from police and security agencies and government reports. Some activities are written off by the victim in the hope that the behaviour/incident is not repeated. What do we know about the typical offenders and victims of property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime? There appears to be overwhelming evidence from research that supports the conclusion that age is a factor within property crime characteristics. There is a significantly higher representation that occurs in middle to late adolescence and subsides in early adulthood for property crime. This is thought to be associated with â€Å"adolescent rebelliousness†. An overlooked characteristic of youth is that they are also more likely, statistically, to be victims of crime. The majority of crime victims are male under the age of 25. This is different to the popular belief that would suggest otherwise. It is often perceived that older people have a greater risk however, surveys have identified that older people, and in particular women appear to be more fearful of crime not victims of crime. Violent crime has a gender differentiated nature. Data suggests that approximately 80% of crimes are committed by males and 90% of violent crimes are committed by males. This is supported by convictions and prison populations. To understand the victims, it needs to be broken down to more specific categories of violent crimes. For example, males tend to be victims of murder or attempted murder and assault, female are disproportionately represented as victims of sexual assault, kidnapping/abduction. Although males appear to be highly represented in both offenders and victim categories of violent crime, this does not appear to be the case within categories of white-collar crime such as fraud. The ratio of female offenders to male offenders is higher than that of any other category with ratio of two thirds male to one third female. There also appears to be an unusual relationship between repeat offenders and repeat victims. Many victims are victimised repeatedly. It is suggested that residencies with low occupation rates are often the target of repeat burglaries. Prison populations also suggest a disproportionately higher population of repeat offenders. There appears to be little data that describes the victims or offenders in relation to internet crime. However, it could be hypothesized that a great proportion of male offenders would also be represented within this category. How much property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime is there in our community? Crime statistics for our local community has been drawn from Victorian Police region 4 statistics. Statistics for postcode 3129, within this region for 2008 and 2009 using per 100,000 population suggests property damage, theft of and from motor vehicles and residential burglary had reduced substantially but violent crimes including crimes against the person and assault had increased. Internet crimes and white-collar crimes were not available. Statistics for the state of Victoria indicated property crime such as robbery, burglary and theft or and from motor vehicles was down where as violent crimes such as assault had increased. Is property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime on the rise, is it stable or is it declining? Allowing for variations within reporting methods and survey results, there appears to be stable evidence that recorded crime statistics show property crime declining for recorded break and enter or burglary and other theft including pick pocketing, bag snatching, shoplifting and bicycle theft. There also appears to be an increase in motor vehicle theft between 1996 and 2001 followed by a decline from 2001-2008. Recording rates for other theft in 2008 as with previous years suggests that it remains the most commonly reported property crime. Violent crime statistics indicate assaults as the most recorded since 1996, kidnapping statistics fluctuated from 1996 – 2008, homicide statistics also fluctuated but continued to be the 2nd lowest recorded and although the least recorded, there has been an overall increase on sexual assault since 1996. CONCLUSION There appears to be no uniform measurement system for measuring crime. This leads to inconsistencies within the gathered data and the inability to compare between categories, regions and states. Notwithstanding the inaccuracies within the measurement system, property crime is largest represented category and at this stage internet crime has little representation within the data. Whilst we would love to agree with the typical media characterization of an offender, we cannot due to large variations within the data. However, we can suggest the most likely offender would be a young male adolescent committing a property crime. References Collins London and Glasgow (1990) The Collins Concise Dictionary Plus p. 299 Victoria Police News. My Police Crime Statistics for Your Area. Retrieved from http://www. icpolicenews. com. au/index. php? option=com_statisticstask=search Hennessey Hayes and Tim Prenzler (2009) An Introduction to Crime and Criminology 2nd Edition Pearson Education Australia Australian Institute of Criminology. Selected Crime Profiles. Retrieved from http://www. aic. gov. au/en/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/2%20selected%20crime%20profiles. aspx Last mo dified 18 August 2009 Australian Institute of Criminology. Recorded Crime. Retrieved from http://www. aic. gov. au/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/1%20recorded%20crime. aspx. Last modified 17 March 2010

How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay Guidelines, Tips and Examples - Paperell.com

How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay Guidelines, Tips and Examples How to Write a Good Descriptive Essay: Guidelines, Tips and Examples People can learn about things that they have never seen before by reading or listening to their descriptions. They can learn much about a person, book, or place from a small piece of writing. It lets people share knowledge about things. When creating a descriptive essay, you should describe a person, place, picture, book, or anything else. Of course, it should be the man or woman you know, a place where you have been, or a book that you read earlier. If you wonder how to write a descriptive essay, it’s usually difficult no more than other types of essays. It helps you to develop your skills of describing people and things, and these skills are very helpful. You should know the preferred size of your paper. It helps you to understand how wide can be your description because if you have to create a big paper, you can provide a much more detailed description. Despite it is not difficult to work on such papers, it may take a lot of time. If you think you can’t create it on time, there is a custom descriptive essay writing service that helps students to complete their papers. If you are assigned to a specific topic, you can start working on it. If you are required to pick a topic by yourself, you should tell about a person or an object that you are familiar with because it will be much easier to complete and show your personal point of view. If you have several sections in your paper, you should group them and place in a right order. If needed, make transitions between sections so readers can move easily from chapter to chapter and get your point of view.How To Write A Good Descriptive Essay?IntroductionHere you can tell readers about what you are going to describe, why did you pick this topic, and what is the background for this essay. Provide a thesis statement that contains the details on the object of research and your opinion about it. If you don’t know how to write a thesis statement for a descriptive essay or how to write an essay introdu ction paragraph, you can look for a good example of such a paper in your college library database.BodyHere you present the main set of descriptions. It consists of a few parts, organized in a proper order, and you should make an outline of the body and then fill it with your content. If you tell readers about a person, each section can show a specific side of his or her personality. If you tell about a place, you may describe different each of rooms in different sections. If the subject of your paper is a book, you can present each chapter of it.ConclusionHere you tell readers what they could learn about a person or place you described, and show connections between the thesis statement and sections. If you need to know how to write a conclusion for a descriptive essay, you should also read examples.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Place?It should be a place where you have been before. If you were there many times, you will be able to provide more details and if there is a po ssibility to visit this place before creating an essay, you should do it. Pay attention to the most significant elements of this place. You may describe not only how it looks, but also how it smells and what sounds people hear there. It wakes emotions more than a usual picture of a house faà §ade or walls in the room. The good way to learn to describe places is reading books. Writers usually spend much time on describing places, especially where characters live and the main events of these books take place.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Person?There are different ways to describe a person – you should tell readers how he or she looks like, what is the habits of this person, and what he or she likes to do. Pick the most significant facts about a person. They let you readers understand the personality, Significant details help you to create a more effective content, for example, the profession of this person, their manners, and points of view, favorite places. Pay at tention to what makes this person original.How To Write A Descriptive Essay About A Picture?If you need to describe a piece of art, you should have a background for it – tell readers what style of painting is used, who is the artist and what inspired him or her to paint it. Then you should describe what do you see in this picture. Pay attention to each detail on the picture. Many of them can have a deeper meaning than you think and if you can’t create your essay about a picture on time, you can get a professional essay help to get it when you need.ConclusionIf you are going to create a descriptive essay, you should use your skills and knowledge about a specific person or a place. However, that is not all you have to do. You should also learn to pick the most significant facts to help readers see the big picture of what you are writing about and understand it. You can describe any person you know or any object you are familiar with by writing about them from your positi on. Make sure that your readers have the necessary background to understand the description and give them more facts if needed. You are writing about your experience but also try to guess what is interesting to your readers. The facts that have a big meaning for you can be not very exciting for other students, that is why you should also think what they want to hear or read. The outline of a descriptive essay is similar to other types of essays. The bigger is the size of your paper, the more ideas and elements you can present by it, you can read samples of such works to learn how to write them correctly. Pay attention to details and try to wake emotions by your writing. Let your readers feel like they meet the person or visit the place you are writing about, even if they have never read about them earlier.

Drinking ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drinking ages - Essay Example These laws encompass an extensive range of actions and issues associated with alcohol consumption; they clearly indicate when and where alcohol can be imbibed. However, the legal age for consumption of alcohol can be different from the legal age for purchasing of alcohol (Kindelberger 197). Furthermore, these laws are variable among different countries and many laws have room for exemptions under special circumstances; and most laws only restrict the imbibing of alcohol in public places, with no imposition of restriction on alcohol consumed at home. Many countries have different age restrictions for different kinds of alcoholic beverages. The United Kingdom is the only country that has set a minimum age restriction for imbibing alcohol at home. Whereas, in some countries minors are not restricted to consume alcohol, but the alcohol can be seized, and some restrict selling of alcohol to minors. Although the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 clearly specified that individuals of 21 years of age or older are allowed to purchase and consume alcohol, there have been intermittent debates whether the drinking age should be 21 or be lowered to 18. Scientists supporting either side come with substantial evidence. However, popular sentiment tells that there are more people supporting the legal drinking age of 21 than those supporting 18 years of age. The arguments from both sides are primarily centered on adults of age 18-21, and college and university students (Kiesbye 57). A large number of college and university officials have sparked debates that current alcohol drinking laws have poorly failed; that instead of drawing students away from alcohol, they have simply forced students to take underage drinking in secrecy toward dangerous extremes, and it has established a wide-spread culture of clandestine drinking among young adults,

Aristotle and relationships at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Aristotle and relationships at work - Essay Example Happiness, to Aristotle, can easily be misjudged. Aristotle thought that people think happiness is a result of virtue, and through virtues like honor, pleasure and reason a human being can achieve happiness. But, according to Aristotle, this is not so: the pursuit of these does not equal happiness but leads one away from happiness. In actuality, happiness is achieved through self-sufficiency. But Aristotle clarifies this in his Nicomachean Ethics: â€Å"Now by self-sufficient we do not mean that is sufficient by a man himself, one which leads a solitary life, but also for parents, children, wife and in general for his friends and citizens (Aristotle 7).† Man is born of citizenship and through the adherence to the people he loves he will find happiness. But Nicomachean Ethics goes on to describe self-sufficiency as â€Å"that which when isolated makes one desirable, and lacking in nothing: and such we think happiness to be (Aristotle 8).† Happiness within self-sufficienc y is the end of action, not the experience of doing right by close members of friends and family, but the result of these actions. To Aristotle, happiness also has a â€Å"snowball effect.† Happiness comes from continuous good actions, and though a couple small blunders won’t make someone unhappy, per se, it is the combined results of good deeds and general goodness one achieves self-sufficiency and happiness. Though it is easy for a man to be distracted by the unhappiness or happiness of his fellow man, Aristotle continually emphasizes the fact that self-sufficiency, an independent motivator, should take precedence and one shouldn’t be flummoxed by the successes or failures of people around him. This could lead to unhappiness, and this lack of focus often does. One can certainly apply these ideas of Aristotalian happiness to

Sucralose Essay Example for Free

Sucralose Essay Sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructo-furanosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside), sold under the trade name Splenda (R), is usually categorized as non-nutritive sweetener or flavor enhancer. The molecular formula is C12H19Cl3O8 (1). It exists at room temperature as a white to off-white, crystalline powder, which is freely soluble in water, in methanol, and in alcohol, and slightly soluble in ethyl acetate (1). Sucralose has molecular weight of 397. 64 (2). As a sweetener, it has 400 to 800 times that of sucrose (2). Its melting point has been recorded as 130 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is between 614. and 724. 4 degree Celsius under the condition of press 760 Torr (3). Sucralose is stable in solution at low pH, and also stable in solution at high temperatures as sucrose. Therefore, it can be stored for several years in liquids (3). The density of sucralose is about 1. 694 g/cm3 (3). The below chemical structure for sucralose was retrieved from the Dictionary of Food Compounds (2): Sucralose was first synthesized by Hough and co-workers at the Queen Elizabeth College at the University of London during the 1970s and was developed commercially as an intense sweetener by Tate Lyle, LLC and McNeil Specialty Products Co (4). Sucralose is made by the selective substitution of three hydroxyl groups of sucrose with three chlorine atoms, which was first approved as a food additive in Canada in 1992 and has subsequently been approved in over 80 countries as an intense sweetener (4). Sucralose can be slowly hydrolyses to the two monosaccharides 1,6-dicholorofructose (1,6-DCF) and 4-chlorogalactose (4-CG) under severe acidic conditions, so the formula cannot be found in natural waters (4). Sucralose is usually used in baked goods, sugars, alcoholic drinks, dairy products, cereals, fruit, beverages and nut products (3). In general, sucralose may cause toxicity to aquatic organisms at concentrations ? 1123 mg/L (4). A range of long-term mammalian toxicity studies indicates that sucralose has no known specific mode of toxic action and causes no adverse effects on major physiological systems (4). Recent research concerns that the potential biological effects in non-target species living in areas receive discharges from anthropogenic activities due to the widespread usage and the high stability of sucralose. The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) for sucralose, based on measured data in surface water, was determined to be 10 ? g/L. During the process, data support that sucralose does not cause toxic effects. In conclusion, the resulting conservative PEC risk quotient is 0. 08, thus indicating low risk to aquatic organisms. Although available data suggest that sucralose is persistent in the aquatic environment, current knowledge also suggests that this intense sweetener should not be classified either as bioaccumulative or toxic using standardized and regulatory valid PBT criteria (4).

Amadeus Essay -- essays research papers

At the age of the Enlightenment, Antonio Salieri becomes the most triumphant musician in the city of Vienna, however, without any warning his harmonious universe comes to an utter halt. Salieri’s absolute faith in the world, in himself, and in God is all at once diminished by this spontaneous child composer. When the two opposite ends meet, there emerges a fury, a rage, and a passion in Salieri to sabotage the boy that has secured Salieri’s deserved God given talent; to destroy the one pubescent child that has made him so mute and naked now in a world of discordance. Salieri’s entire reputation and boyhood prayer to attain fame thus rests on his ability to annihilate that child prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.In analyzing the two composers, Salieri and Mozart, there is a distinct line that clearly divides them. Salieri’s operas receive astounding receptions, making them the “talk of the city,'; shaking the roofs, buzzing the cafes, and even the name Sal ieri “sounds throughout all of Europe'; (2,3). The reason for Salieri’s success, as well as many musicians of the eighteenth century, is because they have become enslaved by the well-to-do and hence are “no better than servants'; (1,3). This applies especially to the king. For example, in Amadeus, His Majesty forbid any ballet in his operas. Imperial commands such as this are not to be interpreted in any way, in other words, they are to be merely obeyed without any dispute. Since operas tend to the needs of the high society in order to obtain recognition, the operas must communicate through the language of the nobility, that is, Italian. In addition, since the majority of the audience is made up of the upper class, the subject matter of the operas must consist of elevated themes. Such as, mythological heroes, kings, and queens, and so forth. According to the eighteenth century view, operas are supposed to be a sublime and an aggrandizing art. The elevated subject m atter is then chosen in order to venerate and honor the nobility. It’s purpose is to “celebrate the eternal in man'; says Van Swieten (2,4). Meaning that there is an element in a noble person that lasts without any end, like God who is immortal. God represents the everlasting and the eternality of existence, thus God gives inspiration to operas that... ...n do now is to die. And so he does. Although Mozart does suffer loss, the loss of his life and career, and is somewhat responsible for his downfall, he does not evoke sympathy or recognition. However, it is Salieri who contains all four elements of a tragic hero. Salieri loses practically everything he has faith in before Mozart appears. He suffers from the loss of dignity, esteem, and honor. Salieri also recognizes something he has never felt before, that is the “pain as I had never know it,'; (1,5), the pain from the beauty and delight of Mozart’s music. Thus, recognizing the limitations of his own talent, the mediocrity of his talent compared to the genius works of Mozart. He grows an awareness of disharmony in the universe that he has never encountered. Salieri clearly is culpable of his own tragedy. He is the Court Composer, his works are respected throughout Europe, and because he is not stupid, he does not say he is the better composer. Instead, he is the minor ity who actually appreciates Mozart’s music. There is definitely sympathy for Salieri, in that all human beings can work as hard as they want to at something and can still fail miserably. Amadeus Essay -- essays research papers At the age of the Enlightenment, Antonio Salieri becomes the most triumphant musician in the city of Vienna, however, without any warning his harmonious universe comes to an utter halt. Salieri’s absolute faith in the world, in himself, and in God is all at once diminished by this spontaneous child composer. When the two opposite ends meet, there emerges a fury, a rage, and a passion in Salieri to sabotage the boy that has secured Salieri’s deserved God given talent; to destroy the one pubescent child that has made him so mute and naked now in a world of discordance. Salieri’s entire reputation and boyhood prayer to attain fame thus rests on his ability to annihilate that child prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.In analyzing the two composers, Salieri and Mozart, there is a distinct line that clearly divides them. Salieri’s operas receive astounding receptions, making them the “talk of the city,'; shaking the roofs, buzzing the cafes, and even the name Sal ieri “sounds throughout all of Europe'; (2,3). The reason for Salieri’s success, as well as many musicians of the eighteenth century, is because they have become enslaved by the well-to-do and hence are “no better than servants'; (1,3). This applies especially to the king. For example, in Amadeus, His Majesty forbid any ballet in his operas. Imperial commands such as this are not to be interpreted in any way, in other words, they are to be merely obeyed without any dispute. Since operas tend to the needs of the high society in order to obtain recognition, the operas must communicate through the language of the nobility, that is, Italian. In addition, since the majority of the audience is made up of the upper class, the subject matter of the operas must consist of elevated themes. Such as, mythological heroes, kings, and queens, and so forth. According to the eighteenth century view, operas are supposed to be a sublime and an aggrandizing art. The elevated subject m atter is then chosen in order to venerate and honor the nobility. It’s purpose is to “celebrate the eternal in man'; says Van Swieten (2,4). Meaning that there is an element in a noble person that lasts without any end, like God who is immortal. God represents the everlasting and the eternality of existence, thus God gives inspiration to operas that... ...n do now is to die. And so he does. Although Mozart does suffer loss, the loss of his life and career, and is somewhat responsible for his downfall, he does not evoke sympathy or recognition. However, it is Salieri who contains all four elements of a tragic hero. Salieri loses practically everything he has faith in before Mozart appears. He suffers from the loss of dignity, esteem, and honor. Salieri also recognizes something he has never felt before, that is the “pain as I had never know it,'; (1,5), the pain from the beauty and delight of Mozart’s music. Thus, recognizing the limitations of his own talent, the mediocrity of his talent compared to the genius works of Mozart. He grows an awareness of disharmony in the universe that he has never encountered. Salieri clearly is culpable of his own tragedy. He is the Court Composer, his works are respected throughout Europe, and because he is not stupid, he does not say he is the better composer. Instead, he is the minor ity who actually appreciates Mozart’s music. There is definitely sympathy for Salieri, in that all human beings can work as hard as they want to at something and can still fail miserably.

Introduction to cultural anthropology Essay

Philippe Bourgois conducted fieldwork in urban United States and Central America in relation to political issues related to ethnicity, dislocation of street children, political violence, labor relations and popular resistance. In United States, Bourgois fieldwork mainly focuses on social suffering, cultural issues and political economy. His most recent work relates to substance abuse, homelessness, violence and HIV prevention. He argues that although inner city street culture of drug dealers emerges as a search for dignity and rejection of racism, it is one aspect that has led to personal degradation and community ruin. His assertion points out two interrelated concepts that are structure and agency used by anthropologists to understand how society is produced and reproduced. A major concern in this paper is an illustration on how structure and agency shape the lives of Primo Ceasar. A close look of the two terms has an outstanding feature that relates to live at inner-city streets. Structure is the recurrent patterned arrangements which limit choices and opportunities posed by individuals. On the other hand, agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices. It is the intention, dream, hope, determination and effort to do something for change in support of continuity. The relationship between structure and agency as applied by anthropologists to understand how society is reproduced include the concept of complementary forces. A society is a collection of individuals from different backgrounds and considers certain values. Structure influences human behavior and individuals are capable of changing social structures they inhabit. In reverse to this position, the capacity of individuals as agents to construct and reconstruct their worlds is a common aspect observed by anthropologists especially Philippe Bourgois. A major difference between structure and agency is that the latter relates to ability of actors to operate independently of social structure constraints. The usage of social science has shifted towards the problem of autonomy. In this context, agency raises questions about importance of human intentions, nature and social aspect of freewill, political capacity and moral choice. Social structure determine individuals action in the aspect of what they think or feel about engaging in particular issues of life separated by external powers. A good example to reflect the concept of structure and agency is in the case of team members in sportsmanship. Each team member has the right to exercise freedom out of their own will but extent of action is governed by traditionally accepted rules of behavior in respect to a particular sport. In essence pressure from authorities and peers f prevents individuals from going against anything they would like to do. Another applicable example in relation to structure and agency is the inner-city life on the streets that results from social segregation of children leading to rise of homelessness. Street children in most urban centers are as a result of social marginalization that sees many of the children leave their homes to start life of drugs in urban centers. Structure and agency are common elements in life that shapes life of many individuals including Primo, Ceasar and Candy. The educational concept of ethnographies is emphasis on racism, immigration and sexism. Considering the concept of structure and agency in the aspect of freedom to carry on with personal activities out of free will is against political and social resistance. Primo a manager of crack house was one of the best friends to Philippe Bourgois and his life was shaped by following concepts of structure and agency. He never liked school and doing homework was one of the worst mistakes in his school life. The culture in New York City of rural working class affected many intimate relationships at young age and Primo fell in this category. In addition being way from parents meant inappropriate mechanism of escaping from ethnicity considerations. Primo inherited his mother’s identities and employee traits at inner-city street shop. He was very problematic to teachers and played certain tricks to protect himself from insults by his teachers. The conflict between Primo and teachers resulted to a bad relationship between son and mother. As a responsible mother, she instead Primo should respect teachers for better grades but this worsened the situation. Finding it hard to achieve in class, Primo opted for street culture where he started committing violent crimes. Out of free will a concept of agency, Primo adapted street culture in the context of accent, body language, clothing and play style. He was free to engage in any kind of activity as the environment allowed him to exercise the right of freedom. The bad relationship between Primo and his mother made him change his lifestyle to embrace street culture. This is a concept of structure and matters that arose such as failing to show his mother the grades he attained is an issue of agency. Having lived a life of freewill in the inner city Primo married and raised his family. He was bound to raise up his family a responsibility that saw him advice his own son to respect teachers for better results. The concept of structure and agency contributed to a certain level in the lives of Primo and many other people such as Ceaser and Candy. The common element among the three individuals was the concept of family, institutional and personal violent interfaces. Caesar was very violent and used to fight back at school that originated from the desire to exercise right of freedom. Meritocracy in the US The myth of meritocracy in America is real and people believe that those who are poor deserve to be poor because of their laziness and stupidity. The poor believe that wealth in America is based on merit a concept that to my opinion is material. The wealthy in United States of America have their position because of hard work and academic performance. Laziness is one major factor that makes people in U. S to be poor as there are many opportunities that can make an individual exploit his or her potential. Hardworking people in America never fail to get job and it is the reason that probes people to travel oversees as a way of exploiting available opportunities. My opinion or take about meritocracy in U. S is that those Americans who consider wealth in America is as a result of hard work and intelligence are wrong. The small percentage of poor Americans is a as a result of laziness and ignorance. This is because U. S is one of the most powerful nations in the world with an economic structure that can support all its citizens. This means that there are a number of opportunities that can provide Americans and other immigrants with job opportunities for better life.

The Middle Ages And Medieval Ages - 1603 Words

The Middle Ages or Medieval Ages is the time period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the Renaissance (History). For this paper it will be referred to as the Middle Ages. This time is also sometimes described as the Dark Ages by some because of some of the bad events that happened and because they say nothing of importance came out of the time period. It is true Rome fell, there were many wars which caused many to die, a shortage of food that caused many to die and an awful sickness that caused many people to die. Despite The Great Famine, The Plague and the fall of Rome during the medieval time period, it should not be known as the dark ages due to the architecture, art, and both educational and the technological†¦show more content†¦Many different reasons with many different answers, however, the Roman Empire did fall and we were left with what we call the Middle Ages. There have been many movies, books and papers written on the subject. One thing I f ind is a for sure fact is that after the fall of Rome there was no state or government for the people in Europe and that’s how the Catholic Church became the most powerful institution in the Middle Age time period(History). The first two reasons that the Middle Ages should not be called â€Å"dark† is the art and architecture created in the Middle Ages. Huge cathedrals and ecclesiastical structures such as monasteries were built to show devotion to the church (History). There were two styles of architecture during this time. The Romanesque style cathedrals were solid with barrel vaults supporting the roof, thick stone walls and few windows (History). The Gothic style has many huge stained glassed windows, pointed vaults, arches and in contrast to the Romanesque style cathedrals they seemed to be weightless. 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Impact Of Corporate Governance On Firm Performance Pakistan Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3591 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Our study investigates the impact of corporate governance on firm performance. For corporate governance measurement we use three variables Board size, dual leadership structure and Ratio of independent directors where as for Firm performance measurement Return on equity, Return on assets and Earnings per share are used and two control variables such as Firm size and Leverage are used. We collect data from the annual reports of the firms from year 2007-2009. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Corporate Governance On Firm Performance Pakistan Finance Essay" essay for you Create order We use correlation and regression analysis for data analysis. We find that board size is not always related with firm performance. Our study also finds that there is a positive relationship between proportion of independent directors and firm performance. Finally we find no significant relationship between dual leadership structure and firm performance in Pakistan. Introduction In recent past researchers show their interests in the field of corporate governance due to some reasons. It is due to financial recession and eruption of US scandals to protect the stakeholders interests. Such as the interests of investors, shareholders, and management and for the well being and survival of the firm. Good corporate governance leads to protect the interests of the shareholders. Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Boards of directors are responsible for the governance of their companies (Code by SECP, 2002, p.9). Corporate governance normally means that outside rules and regulations and inside structure that are planned to reduce the agency problem and is the system by which companies are directed and controlled (Cadbury Committee, 1992, p. 15). Effective corporate governance ensures that firms try to reduce the losses and costs and maximizes the benefits for the stakeholders. Good quality corporate governance is based on the codes of accountability, transparency, justice and liability in the management of the company (Ehikioya, 2009). Corporate governance problems arise due to the following reasons. Separation of ownership and control leads to agency problems. Separation of ownership and control may lead to conflicts of interests among managers and owners. Managers may run the business to serve their own interests. Shareholders must compensate them financially to save their own interests, and to reduce additional costs incurred to monitor their activities to reduce agency costs. One of the most important factors of corporate governance which received much attention and requires reforms is the board of directors structure. A board of directors is a panel with tasks of leading, controlling and directing the administration of the company, with prime purpose to perform their jobs as the benefit of the firms owners. For effective governance, many researchers recommend the active participation of independent directors. Literature tells us independent board of directors is best to serve the interests of the owners. Leadership factor is also very important in the corporate governance. There are two major types of leadership structure (lee Lam, 2007). Leadership by the top management is very important while by the CEO it is also an effective one. CEOs have varying degrees of influence over the board in different firms structure and corporate environment. There are different types of corporate structures across the world. First CEO is the leader having both positions called CEO duality (duality structure) i.e. CEO as well as chairperson of the board having power to influence the board. CEO duality has been the dominant board leadership structure of US corporations, in which 70 percent-80 percent of them combine the roles of chief executive officer (CEO) and chairperson (Rechner and Dalton; Rhoades et al as cited in lee Lam, 2007). While the non-duality means both positions are held by separate persons. In non-duality leadership structure chairperson is the leader and CEO has no power to influenc e the board. The current study investigates the association among corporate governance characteristics and firm performance in Pakistan; it differs substantially from the other developing countries. Pakistan is a politically worried and unbalanced area of the world, has distinctive environmental characteristics. Additionally, Pakistan is a strict Islamic country. As a result, its societal and trade activities are based on fundamentalist spiritual laws and regulations. Chaudhry and Hoque (2006) argue that most important governance of the Islamic firm is by its direction toward the pattern of behavioral likings basis on the systemically natural sense of union of information by persistent relational association. The corporate governance are beached on such a perception of combining interrelationships involving the Islamic business and its inner and outer environing factors, via the strong set of Shariah mechanism that allow the corresponding relations to be recognized and achieved. The evolution of the Pakistani corporate entities has, historically, closely followed the path taken by English corporate entities. In 1984, the Companies Ordinance 1984 of Pakistan was promulgated, following lengthy debate; Pakistani companies were established and governed in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1913. (Code by SECP, 2002). Pakistani firms have different structure to the developed countries. About 80% of all scheduled businesses on the Karachi Stock Exchange have relatives participation or ultimately allied to a big business relatives (zaidi aslam, 2006). This paper will follow following sequence (i) related corporate governance literature review (ii) methodology, sample data, models, and variables (iii) analysis (iv) empirical Results and discussion (v)conclusion of the study. Literature review Corporate governance is the course of action and composition through which a firms dealing and affairs are administered by enhancing business wealth and corporate accountability with the final aim of improving shareholders wealth (Mir and Nishat, 2004).A clear implementation of corporate governance assists a firm to magnetize investment, increase funds, and strengthen the base for firm performance (Ehikioya, 2009). Corporate governance major focus is on resolving agency problems. Agency problems are also called principal-agent problems. Shareholders (principal) are looking the ways to make sure the management (agent) grips on their funds in an approach to increase their wealth and firm performance. Corporate governance composition has an influence on firm performance (Ehikioya, 2009; Shaheen nishat, 2005). Research findings tell that the relationship among the different corporate governance factors and firm performance either can be positive, negative or none. Weir and Laing (2001) and Ponnu (2008) found that there is no obvious association among corporate governance and firm performance. Corporations are like republics. The final right rests with voters (shareholders). These voters elect representatives (directors) who assign most decisions to bureaucrats (managers). As in any republic, the actual power-sharing relationship depends upon the specific rules of governance. One extreme, which tilts toward a democracy, reserves little power for management and allows shareholders to quickly and easily replace directors. Corporate governance improvements are continuously happened in the world to improve the firm performance. There were different reforms regarding the different issues of corporate governance such as board composition, board size, CEO duality, ownership concentration, firm size and leverage. For decision making the corporate governance literature recognizes a range of diverse jobs of boards of directors (Zahra and Pearce, 1989; Gopinath et al., 1994; McNulty and Pettigrew, 1996; Hung, 1998; Maassen, 1999 as cited in Kakabadse, Kakabadse and Kouzmin, 2001). Board composition may be lead to recover the principal-agent problem. The involvement of outside independent directors can improve the firm performance itself against the outer pressure and use the firm resources to increase the wealth of the shareholders. It is very interesting that the research evidences are varied about the relationship among the outside independent directors and firm performance. Petra (2005) argues that the variation in results may be the variation of a company culture. There is positive link among outside independent directors and firm performance (Petra, 2005; Perry shivdasani, 2005). Laux (2005; Byrd, Cooperman Wolfe, 2007) argue that outside directors are more important to the owners of the firm. This positive relationship shows that directors are performing their duties honestly to protect the interests of shareholders. Some researches support the negative relationship among outside directors and firm performance (klein, 1998; agrawal knoeber 1996 as cited in Abdullah, 2004; yermack, 1996). Ponnu and KarthigeLam (2010) found that there is no positive clear impact of board independence on firm performance. However, it is clear from empirical evidence that independent directors perform significant role with firm performance, either positive or negative. So on the basis of above discussion we hypothesize that H1: Proportion of independent directors has significant impact on firm performance. Another feature of corporate governance that has got the attention of the researchers is the leadership structure. Discussion revolves around the duality, means that CEO is also holding the additional post of the board chairmanship. There are two theories regarding this issue (1) agency theory (2) stewardship theory (Lam lee, 2007). Agency theorists fight for the separation of the two posts to grant vital monitoring over managements performance. If not, a single person sharing both posts will dictate the board and it is generally the indication of a dominant CEO leadership. On the other hand, stewardship theorists argue that the separation of posts is not vital, because many firms are performing well with combined posts and have powerful boards fully competent of providing sufficient monitoring. Additionally, when the posts are combined, the CEO may be able to form the corporation to attain its affirmed objectives due to less hindrance. Literature does not suggest which leadership structure is best, either duality or unitary (single person holds single post). Research empirical evidences on CEO duality and firm performance are contradictory. Petra (2005) argued that conflicts of interests happened due to the dual leadership structure. CEO is in self evaluating position in dual leadership structure. If firm is adopted dual leadership structure, CEO may serve his own interests on the expense of shareholders and their interests may be compromised (noel, 2009). Petra and Dorata (2008) argued that CEO can make the decisions objectively short term for his own interests by compromising on the long term objectives in dual leadership structure. Alternatively firm performance is negatively affected if CEO duality exists in firm corporate leadership structure. Lam and Lee (2007) examine the relation between CEO duality and firm performance in Hong Kong. They found that neither agency theory nor stewardship alone significantly explain the duality performance relationship. Their empirical evidence tells that CEO duality has negative relationship with performance of the firm but insignificant for the whole data. They also found that CEO duality and accounting performance are negatively related for family controlled firms, while it is positively related for non family controlled firms. There is an inverse impact of CEO duality on firm performance (Ehikioya, 2009; Mir Nishat, 2004). Abdullah (2004) and Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008) found that both board independence and leadership structure do not affect the firm performance separately nor the combined effects of these two factors affect the firm performance. Dual leadership structure places CEO in powerful position of managing the operations of the firm and also overseeing the direction the firm will take into the future (Petra Dorta, 2008). So we can hypothesize that H2: Dual leadership structure has significant impact on firm performance. Another board characteristic is board size. Either large or small number of directors should be in the board. Either board size has significant relationship with firm performance or not. There are different findings of different researchers regarding board size and firm performance. The corporate governance structure such as ownership structure, board composition, board size, and CEO duality has a massive impact on a firms performance (Ehikioya, 2009). The number of directors in the board can be supposed to have a considerable effect on the firms performance because the board is having the huge responsibility for managing the firm and its operations. Some researchers suggest large board size for better corporate governance and firm performance while others suggest small board size. Raheja (2005) suggests that optimal board size and compositions are functions of directors and the firms characteristics. There may be some conflicts in larger board. The monitory expenses and poor communication in a larger board has been seen as a reason for opposing a larger board size (Lipton and Lorsch 1992). Anderson, Mansi and Reeb. (2004) suggests that firms with larger board size have the capability to drive the managers to chase for lower cost of debt and increase the performance. Ehikioya (2009) observes that ownership concentration and board size is positively related to the firms performance in three out of four cases. It means that concentrated ownership combined with finest board size tends to perform better then diffused ownership. Yermack (1996) like most of the other researchers found in his study negative relationship between board size and firm performance. Mashayekhi and Bazaz (2008) found that board size is negatively associated with firm performance. Bhagat and Black (2001) found that board size is not always in relation with the firms performance. Frick and Bermig (2009) after analyzing the effects of supervisory board size and composition on the valuation and firm performance and conclude that there is no constant impact of either board size or board composition on firm valuation and performance. Cheng, Evans and Nagarajan (2007) argue that huge information about firm and managerial performance and the changes in business atmosphere both add to the importance of rapid and effective actions by the board, while the capability of the board to make such decisions decreases with board size. They further argue that different costs like communication, co-ordination, and free riding costs increases as the boar d size increases. The benefits of these incentives are likely to be overcome by the increased costs as the board becomes sufficiently large. H3: Board size has no significant impact on firm performance. Methodology Sample and Variables This study concentrates on the corporate governance and firm performance of publically listed companies in Pakistan. Sample companies are chosen from the KSE 100 index listed during 2007 to 2009. Sample consists of 80 firms. Sample is chosen randomly from the different sectors of Pakistan economy. Non financial firms are included in the sample. Financial firms are excluded from the sample because of different capital structure and cash flows. We also excluded the firms having missing data. 15 companies are deleted from the original sample due to unavailability of the data and special capital structure. Our final sample consists of 65 firms of different sectors. Information related to these variables to measure the relationship among the corporate governance and firm performance is collected from the annual reports of the firms. The reports are collected from the kse-100 index and the respective firms website. Our study includes CEO duality, board independence, and board size as independent variables to measure corporate governance. Return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA) and earnings per share (EPS) are dependent variables in our study to measure firm performance. Leverage (debt/assets) and firm size (natural logarithm of total assets) are used as control variables in our study. Data Analysis We use descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. The models which are used are given below. EPSi= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±0+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 BSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 RIDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 CEDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 LEVi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5 FSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µi -(1) ROAi= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±0+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 BSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 RIDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 CEDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 LEVi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5 FSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µi -(2) ROEi= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±0+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 BSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 RIDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 CEDi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 LEVi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5 FSIZEi+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µi -(3) Where EPS in model (1) is calculated as net income divided by total number of ordinary shares of the firm; ROA is calculated as net income divided by the opening balance of the total assets in model (2); ROE in model (3) is calculated as net income divided by the total balance of total equity. BSIZE is the total number of directors on the board; RID is the ratio of independent directors on the board; CED is the CEO duality structure 1 for duality and 0 for otherwise; LEV is the leverage of the firm is the ratio of total debt to total assets; FSIZE is the firm size calculated as the natural log of total assets. Empirical Results and Discussion Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics in table 1 about the variables show that average number of directors in the board is 8.33, about 64% are the independent directors on the board and in 32% cases CEO is also the chairman of the board. Average leverage is 22% which shows that Pakistani firms less rely on debts; average firm size almost 16; ROE 31%; ROA 2% and EPS is Rs.11.45. All variables except Fsize have smaller meadians then their crossponding means. This shows that sample data is slightly skewed. Standard deviation of all variables is large except RID and LEV. Table 2 shows pearson corelation among the variables. RID is significantly corelated with EPS, ROE and ROA. This indicate that higher board independence has significantly positive corelation with firm performance. As the number of independent directors increase in the board the performance of the firm will be better. Our results are similar to other findings Petra (2005), Perry and shivdasani (2005) and Mashayekhi and Bazaz (2008) and inconsistent to Abdullah (2004) and Yermack (1996). This significant positive correlation shows the importance of the independent directors on the board. This indicates that there must be a sufficient proportion of outside independent directors on the board. Sufficient number of directors on the board will protect the interests of the shareholders. It also leads to better transparency in the firm ultimately firm performance will increase. CEO duality has negative and insignificant correlation with EPS, ROE and ROA. This implies that CEO duality has no significant association with firm performance. Our results are consistent with Lam and Lee (2007) and Mashayekhi and Bazaz (2008). This shows that dual leadership structure has neither positive nor negative relationship with firm performance in Pakistani companies. Board size has significantly negative correlation with ROA and insignificant correlation with EPS and ROE. Sometimes large board size negatively related with firm performance and sometime it is insignificantly related with fiem performance. This indicates that board size is not always related with firm performance (Bhagat Black, 2001). Leverage has no significant relationship with EPS, ROE and ROA. This implies that Leverage has no signifacant relationship with firm performance. Firm size has significantly negetive relationship with ROE and ROA. ROE , ROA and EPS have nosignificant relationship with each other except that ROE and ROA are positively corelated. Firm size has significantly positive relationship with ratio of independent directors (RID) and Dual leadership structure but significantly negetive association with board size. Regression Results Table 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 show the results of regression analysis for each three dependent variables EPS, ROA and ROE separately. EPS, ROA and ROE explain 19%, 12.5% and 11.83% variations respectively. Board size is positive coefficient but insignificant values with firm performance measures (EPS t-stat= 0. 0.5511, ROA t-stat=- 2.21128 ROE t-stat= 0.234378) except ROA. It shows that board size is not always related with firm performance (Bhagat Black, 2001). This is inconsistent to H3: Board size has no significant impact on firm performance; Because ROA is showing significant impact on firm performance. Our findings are also consistent to Frick and Bermig (2009) who found no constant impact of board size on firm performance. Our findings are inconsistent with Yermack (1996) and Mashayekhi and Bazaz (2008) who found that board size is negatively associated with firm performance. Our findings are also inconsistent with Ehikioya (2009) who found that board size is positively associated w ith firm performance. Opposite to H2: Dual leadership structure has significant impact on firm performance. Our regression results do not show any significant relationship among the dual leadership structure and firm performance (EPS t-stat= -0.57958, ROA t-stat= 1.7605, ROE t-stat= 1.241707). it indicates that dual leadership structure neither positively nor negatively impact the firm performance. Our results are consistent with Abdullah (2004) and Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008) who found that leadership structure do not affect the firm performance. Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 There is an inverse impact of CEO duality on firm performance (Ehikioya, 2009; Mir Nishat, 2004; Mashayekhi bazaz, 2008). Our findings contradict them. H1: Proportion of independent directors has significant impact on firm performance. Our regression analysis shows positive coefficient of RID and statistically significant values of t-test for the performance measures (EPS t-stat= 3.18694, ROA t-stat= 2.8463, ROE t-stat= 2.9045). Our findings are similar to Petra (2005), Perry and shivdasani (2005) and Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008) who found positive relationship between proportion of independent directors and firm performance. This shows that outside directors are more important to the better performance of the firm. This positive relationship also shows that directors are performing their duties sincerely to defend the interests of shareholders. This result is also according to the prediction of agency theory that there is a positive relationship between outside independent directors and firm performance in Pakistan. Finally the firm size has negative and significant impact on firm performance in Pakistan. Only EPS value is insignificant. Our results oppose Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008) who found positive impact of firm size on firm performance. Leverage ratio has statistically insignificant effect on firm performance. This is consistent to Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008). Conclusion Our study investigates the impact of corporate governance on firm performance. For corporate governance measurement we use three variables Board size, dual leadership structure and Ratio of independent directors where as for Firm performance measurement Return on equity, Return on assets and Earnings per share are used and two control variables such as Firm size and Leverage are used. Our findings are similar to that of Bhagat and Black (2001) that board size is not always related with firm performance. Our findings are also consistent to Frick and Bermig (2009) who found no constant impact of board size on firm performance. This study also finds that there is a positive relationship between proportion of independent directors and firm performance. Our findings are consistent to Petra (2005), Perry and shivdasani (2005) and Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008). We find no significant relationship between dual leadership structure and firm performance in Pakistan. Our results are consistent with Abdullah (2004) and Mashayekhi and bazaz (2008). There are several limitations in the study such as time and data availability. Economic and political instability may affect the generalizability of the findings. Our results may differ from other studies due to the financial recession of near past. For future study one should use Growth ratios for firm performance and other Board characteristics for corporate governance measurement for more significant and long term results.